Fiqh

}}}} |arabic_rom= |native pronunciation= |literal meaning="deep understanding"
"full comprehension" }}

''Fiqh'' (; ) is Islamic jurisprudence. ''Fiqh'' is often described as the style of human understanding and practices of the sharia; that is, human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the sunnah (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions). Fiqh expands and develops Shariah through interpretation (''ijtihad'') of the Quran and ''Sunnah'' by Islamic jurists (''ulama'') and is implemented by the rulings (''fatwa'') of jurists on questions presented to them. Thus, whereas ''sharia'' is considered immutable and infallible by Muslims, ''fiqh'' is considered fallible and changeable. ''Fiqh'' deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam as well as economic and political system. In the modern era, there are four prominent schools (''madh'hab'') of ''fiqh'' within Sunni practice, plus two (or three) within Shi'a practice. A person trained in ''fiqh'' is known as a ''faqīh'' (: ''fuqaha'').

Figuratively, ''fiqh'' means knowledge about Islamic legal rulings from their sources. Deriving religious rulings from their sources requires the ''mujtahid'' (an individual who exercises ''ijtihad'') to have a deep understanding in the different discussions of jurisprudence. A ''faqīh'' must look deep down into a matter and not content himself with just the apparent meaning, and a person who only knows the appearance of a matter is not qualified as a ''faqīh''.

The studies of ''fiqh'', are traditionally divided into ''Uṣūl al-fiqh'' (principles of Islamic jurisprudence, lit. the roots of fiqh, alternatively transliterated as ''Usool al-fiqh''), the methods of legal interpretation and analysis; and ''Furūʿ al-fiqh'' (lit. the branches of fiqh), the elaboration of rulings on the basis of these principles. ''Furūʿ al-fiqh'' is the product of the application of ''Uṣūl al-fiqh'' and the total product of human efforts at understanding the divine will. A ''hukm'' (: ''aḥkām'') is a particular ruling in a given case. Provided by Wikipedia